All about the ventricular septal defect

A ventricular septal defect occurs when the wall that grows between the two ventricles does not develop normally during pregnancy. One kind of congenital heart problem is a ventricular septal defect. Some medical conditions are present at birth and are considered congenital.

In a healthy newborn, blood low in oxygen is pumped to the lungs by the right side of the heart, while blood high in oxygen is pumped out to the rest of the body by the left side.

When a baby is born with a ventricular septal defect, blood can flow back and forth between the two ventricles, usually from the left ventricle to the right ventricle and then into the lungs. The increased oxygenated blood flow strains the cardiovascular system, particularly the heart and lungs. This abnormality can lead to various severe problems, including heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, arrhythmia, and stroke.

Symptoms

Severe heart defects frequently manifest within the first few weeks or months of a child's existence.

An infant with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) may show poor feeding and failure to grow.

  • A rapid heartbeat or shortness of breath
  • Weaknesses: Tires quickly

A ventricular septal defect may not show symptoms to you or your doctor right after birth. If the abnormality is minor, it may not cause noticeable symptoms until later in infancy. The severity of the hole and the presence of any additional cardiac abnormalities affects the severity of the symptoms.

During a routine visit, if your doctor detects a heart murmur when listening to your baby's heart using a stethoscope, they may first suspect a heart problem. Ultrasounds can sometimes pick up on a VSD before a baby is born.

It's not uncommon for a VSD to go undetected until a person is an adult. Symptoms and signs may include shortness of breath or a cardiac murmur heard by a medical professional's stethoscope.

Types of VSD 

Four VSD kinds differ in location and hole structure (or holes). VSDs include:-

Membranous - This constitutes 80% of VSD cases. VSDs occur in the upper ventricle wall.

Muscular- About 20% of baby VSDs have several holes.

Inlet- This hole occurs below the right ventricle's tricuspid and left ventricle's mitral valves. Blood entering the ventricles must pass via a VSD.

Conoventricular- This VSD produces a hole between the right and left ventricles before the pulmonary and aortic valves. Blood must pass through both valves via the VSD.

Treatments

The severity of the hole and the associated health issues determine the course of treatment for a ventricular septal defect. If the hole in the ventricular septum is tiny and not producing any symptoms, the doctor will monitor the infant closely to look for signs of heart failure and ensure the hole closes on its own. Further intervention may be required if the hole is too large or does not shut on its own.

Cardiac catheterization or open-heart surgery may be recommended to repair the hole and restore normal blood flow, depending on the extent of the hole, symptoms, and the child's overall health. Following repairing a ventricular septal defect, patients will need to return to the clinic frequently to ensure that the opening has adequately healed. In most cases, children born with a ventricular septal defect that closes (either naturally or surgically) go on to lead everyday, healthy lives.

Medicines

Some children will require medication to help with heart muscle strength, blood pressure reduction, and fluid loss.

Nutrition

Babies with VSD may experience fatigue while breastfeeding, resulting in inadequate nutrition. A high-calorie formula might be recommended to ensure that infants acquire weight healthily. Babies can get exhausted during breastfeeding, which can necessitate the use of a feeding tube.


Dr. Sarita Rao is one of the best Cardiologist in MP and offers Angiography, Angioplasty, TAVI, Pacemaker, Rotablation, Stent Implantation, AICD Implantation, Combo Device Implantation and Shockwave Lithotripsy IVL at Apollo Hospital in Indore. For appointment call on +91 9893925000 or for more details visit online - https://drsaritaraocardiologist.com/


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